What did the National Security Act establish in the U.S.?

The National Security Act, enacted in 1947, established several key components of U.S. national security and military structure, most notably the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). This agency was created to centralize and coordinate intelligence gathering and analysis, responding to the needs that arose during the Cold War. The act also reorganized the military structure of the government by creating the Department of Defense and the National Security Council. This restructuring was crucial as it aimed to provide a more effective approach to addressing the various threats faced by the United States in a rapidly changing global context.

The other options listed do not relate to the National Security Act. The Federal Reserve System was established long before the act, in 1913, to serve as the central banking system of the U.S. The Department of Homeland Security, which focuses on protecting the U.S. from various threats, especially after 9/11, was created much later, in 2003. A national healthcare policy is unrelated to the National Security Act and does not fall within the scope of national defense and security measures established by the act.